4. Drought
Drought is a serious natural disaster that occurs due to extreme shortage of water. This situation occurs when there is no rainfall in an area for a long time, due to which there is a lack of moisture in the soil and water sources dry up. In case of drought, farming is affected, there is a shortage of drinking water, and the entire life of the people is in danger. Drought not only affects agriculture and economy, but its social and environmental impacts are also very deep.
Drought is mainly caused by natural causes, such as weather changes, climate change, and failure of monsoons. When an area does not receive rainfall for several consecutive months or years, the water level of reservoirs, rivers, and lakes begins to decrease.
Drought has the biggest impact on agriculture. When there is a shortage of water, crops dry up and yields decrease. This adversely affects the income of farmers and they face severe economic crisis. Many times, crops are completely destroyed due to drought, leaving farmers burdened with debt. This situation also gives rise to the problem of hunger and malnutrition in rural areas, as people are unable to meet their food and nutrition requirements. In case of drought, people leave their homes and villages and migrate to other areas in search of employment and water, which increases population pressure in urban areas and creates social problems.
